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Maritime Sanctions Handbook: A Comprehensive Guide to Enforcing Sanctions on North Korea

Tyrone Powell

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North Korea's nuclear and ballistic missile programs pose a grave threat to regional and global security. In response, the international community has imposed a comprehensive set of maritime sanctions on North Korea to prevent the regime from accessing the resources and technology it needs to develop and proliferate its weapons of mass destruction (WMDs).

This Maritime Sanctions Handbook provides a comprehensive overview of the maritime sanctions imposed on North Korea, including the relevant United Nations Security Council resolutions, the implementation measures adopted by individual countries, and the best practices for enforcing these sanctions. The handbook is intended to be a practical resource for government officials, law enforcement officers, and maritime industry professionals who are responsible for implementing and enforcing maritime sanctions on North Korea.

The following United Nations Security Council resolutions impose maritime sanctions on North Korea:

Maritime Sanctions Handbook for North Korea

by Norman Eisen

4.6 out of 5

Language	:	English
File size	:	5247 KB
Print length	:	285 pages
Lending	:	Enabled
X-Ray for textbooks	:	Enabled
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Resolution 1718 (2006): Adopted on October 14, 2006, Resolution 1718 imposes a ban on the import and export of all arms and related materials to and from North Korea. The resolution also prohibits North Korea from using its territory or airspace for the transfer of such items.
Resolution 1874 (2009): Adopted on June 12, 2009, Resolution 1874 expands the arms embargo imposed by Resolution 1718 to include all luxury goods. The resolution also prohibits North Korea from exporting coal, iron ore, and other minerals.
Resolution 2094 (2013): Adopted on March 22, 2013, Resolution 2094 further expands the sanctions imposed by Resolutions 1718 and 1874. The resolution prohibits North Korea from exporting textiles, seafood, and other goods. The resolution also authorizes the inspection of North Korean vessels suspected of carrying prohibited cargo.
Resolution 2270 (2016): Adopted on March 2, 2016, Resolution 2270 further strengthens the maritime sanctions imposed on North Korea. The resolution prohibits North Korea from importing or exporting any goods, except for food, medicine, and other humanitarian items. The resolution also authorizes the seizure and disposal of any North Korean vessel suspected of carrying prohibited cargo.

Individual countries have adopted a variety of measures to implement the maritime sanctions imposed on North Korea by the United Nations Security Council. These measures include:

Vessel inspections: Many countries have authorized their naval forces to inspect North Korean vessels suspected of carrying prohibited cargo. Inspections can be conducted on the high seas or in territorial waters, with the consent of the flag state.
Port bans: Some countries have banned North Korean vessels from entering their ports. This measure is designed to prevent North Korea from accessing the resources and technology it needs to develop and proliferate its WMDs.
Asset freezes: Some countries have frozen the assets of North Korean entities and individuals suspected of involvement in the country's nuclear and ballistic missile programs. This measure is designed to disrupt North Korea's financial network and make it more difficult for the regime to obtain the resources it needs to develop and proliferate its WMDs.
Travel bans: Some countries have imposed travel bans on North Korean officials and individuals suspected of involvement in the country's nuclear and ballistic missile programs. This measure is designed to prevent North Korea from sending its agents abroad to procure the resources and technology it needs to develop and proliferate its WMDs.

There are a number of best practices that can be followed to ensure the effective enforcement of maritime sanctions on North Korea. These best practices include:

Information sharing: Countries should share information about North Korean vessels suspected of carrying prohibited cargo. This information can be shared through bilateral channels, regional organizations, or the United Nations Security Council.
Coordinated inspections: Countries should coordinate their efforts to inspect North Korean vessels suspected of carrying prohibited cargo. This can help to ensure that inspections are conducted in a timely and efficient manner.
Targeted sanctions: Countries should focus their sanctions on North Korean entities and individuals who are directly involved in the country's nuclear and ballistic missile programs. This will help to minimize the impact of sanctions on the North Korean people.
Humanitarian exemptions: Countries should ensure that maritime sanctions do not have a negative impact on the humanitarian needs of the North Korean people. Exemptions should be granted for food, medicine, and other humanitarian items.

Maritime sanctions are a critical tool for preventing North Korea from accessing the resources and technology it needs to develop and proliferate its WMDs. The international community must continue to work together to implement and enforce these sanctions effectively. By ng so, we can help to reduce the threat posed by North Korea's nuclear and ballistic missile programs and make the world a safer place.

Maritime Sanctions Handbook for North Korea

by Norman Eisen

4.6 out of 5